How to prevent dehydration in San Diego's warm, dry climate
San Diego’s sunny and warm weather makes it perfect for outdoor activities for people of all ages. However, the region is no stranger to heatwaves or very hot weather, so it’s important to drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration.
Since our bodies are primarily composed of water, maintaining proper hydration is vital, especially during exercise or physical activity in the sun. Dehydration can occur when the body loses too much fluid through sweat. Those at higher risk include athletes, individuals working in hot conditions, older adults, children and people with chronic illnesses.
“Fluids are essential to keeping the vital organs active,” says Stacie Ly, MD, an internal medicine physician at Scripps Coastal Medical Center Carlsbad. “Dehydration can be mild, moderate or severe, based on how much of your body’s fluid is lost or not replaced. Severe cases can lead to a hospital trip for IV fluids and could sometimes result in kidney damage or nervous system problems.”
How much water should you drink a day?
According to Dr. Ly, there’s something to the old “eight glasses a day” adage. For adults, that would be a half-gallon — 64 ounces, or eight (8-ounce) glasses. It’s a good start but not a hard rule. You may need more if you’re exercising or the weather is especially hot.
The amount of water you need to drink daily depends on several factors, such as age, gender, size, activity level and weather. Pregnancy, breastfeeding and health also impact your water intake.
The best advice is to drink water when you’re thirsty and stay hydrated throughout the day to prevention dehydration, according to Dr. Ly.
And if you’re working out intensely or dehydration symptoms like headache or lightheadedness have already set in, electrolytes are key.
“Water is nice, but when you’re dehydrated you also need electrolytes,” Dr. Ly says. Skip the diet drinks, though. Sugar helps the electrolytes absorb.
Six tips for staying hydrated
The best defense against dehydration is prevention. Follow these six tips to stay safe and healthy, especially when temperatures — or your activity levels — increase:
1. Don’t wait till you’re thirsty to drink
By the time you feel thirsty, you’re already slightly dehydrated. Sip water steadily throughout the day and drink more fluids than usual when the weather is hot, especially if you’re active.
If you need a reminder to stay hydrated, carry a reusable water bottle with you and set a timer on your phone to notify you to drink water throughout the day.
2. Flavor your water
If plain water tastes boring to you, you can add flavor with fresh fruits or a splash of fruit juice. You can also consume clear broths, ice pops or sports drinks (especially if you’re doing intense exercise). Just make sure to limit caffeine and alcohol.
3. Eat water-rich fruits and vegetables.
Certain fruits and vegetables are high in water content and nutrients. Watermelon, strawberries, cantaloupe, peaches and pineapples are fruits with high-water content. Water-rich vegetables include cucumbers, leafy greens, radishes, celery, zucchini and tomatoes.
4. Stay inside when it gets too hot
Avoid sun exposure, especially between 10 am and 2 pm, when the rays are strongest. Instead, plan outdoor activities in the early morning or evening.
Consider exercising indoors with air conditioning instead of exercising outside in scorching hot weather. If you usually hike or run outside, try swimming instead.
Stay indoors to avoid the heat, even if you’re not working out. If you don’t have air conditioning at home, try a shopping center, movie theater or public library.
5. Dress for the weather
Wear light, loose-fitting clothing that lets your skin breathe. Dark colors absorb heat, so stick with lighter shades. Wear a wide-brimmed hat in the sun to keep your head cool and use plenty of sunscreen to avoid sunburn, which can increase your skin temperature and make it harder to stay cool.
6. Be aware of the signs of dehydration
Dehydration is common and can affect anyone, but some people are more at risk, especially children and older adults.
Children are at higher risk of dehydration because they have a higher percentage of water in their bodies, which decreases with age. Children also may not always realize they are thirsty and may forget to drink enough water.
Older adults are at higher risk of dehydration due to age-related health problems and decreased thirst sensation.
“Older people may forget to drink water or not recognize their thirst,” says Dr. Ly. “They might also neglect to prevent dehydration the same way a younger person would. Be cognizant about that if you have a parent or older person around.”
Keep an eye out for any of these signs of dehydration:
Darker-than-usual urine
Not urinating despite steadily drinking water
Muscle cramps
Bad breath
Fatigue
Fever or chills
Craving sweets
Dry mouth/skin
Fast heartbeat
Irritability
Confusion
Drowsiness
Anyone with a fever, vomiting or diarrhea should drink plenty of fluids. Do not wait for signs of dehydration to appear.
Healthy Life is brought to you by the physicians and staff of Scripps Health. For more information, or for a physician referral, visit www.scripps.org or call 1-800-Scripps.
One trick I use is setting reminders to drink water throughout the day, and keeping a large water bottle with me at all times. Another good idea is to add natural flavors like lemon or cucumber to make water more enjoyable. An air purifier can also play a surprisingly helpful role, especially in drier environments. It helps maintain the right humidity levels indoors, making it easier to stay hydrated. Combining clean, breathable air with adequate water intake keeps both your body and mind refreshed!